Gambling terms, explained straight

In geography, a bluff is a steep slope or rounded cliff, usually near water, and is unrelated to poker.

Poker

Bluff definition

A bluff in poker is a bet or raise made when you likely do not hold the best hand, aiming to scare opponents into folding stronger hands.

Also called
Stone-cold bluff or pure bluff when the hand has little or no chance of improving.1
How it works
The player represents strength through betting action rather than hand strength, hoping opponents fold hands that are currently better.12
Pure bluff
Succeeds only if all opponents fold; the hand cannot improve later.12
Semi-bluff
A bet or raise with a hand that is not currently best but can improve to win if called.12

Key points

  • A bluff is a bet or raise made with a weak hand to induce folds from opponents holding better hands.1
  • A pure bluff (or stone-cold bluff) has little or no chance of improving, so it wins only if everyone folds.1
  • A semi-bluff is made with a drawing hand that can improve to the best hand, giving two ways to win.1
  • Bluffing is a core strategy in poker, especially in no-limit games, but its success depends on reading opponents and table image.
  • The term also extends to related tactics like steals, where a player raises from late position with a weak hand.3

Bluff example

In a game of Texas Hold'em, the board shows K♠ 7♦ 2♣ 9♥ 3♠. Player A holds 8♥ 6♥, giving only a missed straight draw. Player A bets the river. Player B, holding A♣ 7♠ (top pair), folds, fearing a better hand. Player A wins the pot with a pure bluff. The bluff succeeded because Player B believed the bet represented a stronger hand.

Bluff variants

A stone-cold bluff (also called a pure bluff) is made with a hand that has no realistic chance of improving, such as a complete miss on the board. A semi-bluff is a bet or raise with a drawing hand that is not currently best but can improve to win if called.1 A steal is a bluff from late position aimed at winning the blinds and antes.3 These variants differ in risk: a pure bluff must succeed immediately, while a semi-bluff has a backup plan.

Common questions

What is a bluff on the river?

A bluff on the river is a bet made on the final betting round with a hand that cannot improve. It is a pure bluff, as no more cards will come. The bettor hopes the opponent folds a better hand, making the river a common spot for bluffs because missed draws are frequent.

Where this term is used

Not the same as

  • Bluff poker — not a separate term in poker; the correct term is simply bluff

Sources

  1. Bluff (poker) en.wikipedia.org Defines bluff, pure bluff, and semi-bluff in poker.
  2. Betting in poker - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org Explains betting actions and how bluffs work in poker.
  3. Steal (poker) - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org Describes steal as a related poker tactic.

Sources are drawn from regulators, universities and published research, and each one is labelled with what it actually is — a preprint is not called a paper. Bookmaker and affiliate pages are never cited here, because a page that sells betting is not a neutral authority on it.