Gambling terms, explained straight

Odds, Probability & Bankroll

Odds vs probability

Odds compare the chance of an event happening to the chance of it not happening, while probability measures the likelihood of an event as a proportion of all possible outcomes.

Formula
Odds = p / (1 − p), where p is probability5
Range
Probability is between 0 and 1; odds range from 0 to infinity3
Example
If p = 0.75, odds are 3 to 1 on; if p = 0.1, odds are 9 to 1 against5
Interpretation
Odds express successes relative to failures, not a share of the whole43

Key points

  • Odds are the ratio of the probability an event occurs to the probability it does not occur12.
  • Probability is the chance of an event out of all possible outcomes, expressed as a number between 0 and 1.
  • To convert odds back to probability, use p = odds / (1 + odds)5.
  • Odds are used in logistic regression and betting markets, while probability is used for general likelihood statements.

Odds vs probability examples

How the same likelihood looks in each format.
Likelihood Probability (p) Odds (p/(1-p))
Very unlikely0.11 : 9 (9 to 1 against)
Even chance0.51 : 1 (even odds)
Very likely0.753 : 1 (3 to 1 on)

Common questions

When to use odds vs probability?

Use probability when you want the share of outcomes — for example, a 25% chance of rain. Use odds when comparing successes to failures, such as in logistic regression or when stating betting odds like 3 to 1.

Where this term is used

Sources

  1. 3.10 Odds | Probability, statistics, and the likelihood ratio for non-experts [1st Edition] lrcfs-ap2.dundee.ac.uk Defines odds as the ratio of probability of an event to its complement.
  2. Making sense of odds and odds ratios pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Explains odds and odds ratios in accessible language.
  3. Understanding logistic regression analysis - PMC pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Clarifies the range constraints of odds vs probability.
  4. download?attachment sheffield.ac.uk Describes odds as comparing successes with failures.
  5. [PDF] FEEG6017 lecture: Logistic regression southampton.ac.uk Provides the core formula and example odds values.

Sources are drawn from regulators, universities and published research, and each one is labelled with what it actually is — a preprint is not called a paper. Bookmaker and affiliate pages are never cited here, because a page that sells betting is not a neutral authority on it.